Section ,Short Description ,Long Description 
6(a),National Security ,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to prejudice the security or defence of New Zealand or the international relations of the Government of New Zealand"
6(b)(i),prejudice the entrusting of information to the Government of New Zealand,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to prejudice the entrusting of information to the Government of New Zealand on a basis of confidence by the Government of any other country or any agency of such a Government"
6(b)(ii),prejudice the entrusting of information to the Government of New Zealand on a basis of confidence by any international organisation,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to prejudice the entrusting of information to the Government of New Zealand on a basis of confidence by any international organisation"
6(c),Maintenance of the law,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to prejudice the maintenance of the law, including the prevention, investigation, and detection of offences, and the right to a fair trial"
6(d),Safety of any person,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to endanger the safety of any person"
6(e)(i),likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand relating to exchange rates,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand by disclosing prematurely decisions to change or continue government economic or financial policies relating to exchange rates or the control of overseas exchange transactions"
6(e)(ii),likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand relating to regulation of banking credit,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand by disclosing prematurely decisions to change or continue government economic or financial policies relating to the regulation of banking or credit"
6(e)(iii),likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand relating to taxation,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand by disclosing prematurely decisions to change or continue government economic or financial policies relating to taxation"
6(e)(iv),"likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand relating to the stability, control, and adjustment of prices of goods and services","Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand by disclosing prematurely decisions to change or continue government economic or financial policies relating to the stability, control, and adjustment of prices of goods and services, rents, and other costs, and rates of wages, salaries, and other incomes"
6(e)(v),likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand relating to the borrowing of money by the Government of New Zealand,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand by disclosing prematurely decisions to change or continue government economic or financial policies relating to the borrowing of money by the Government of New Zealand"
6(e)(vi),likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand relating to entering into of overseas trade agreements,"Good reason for withholding official information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of that information would be likely to damage seriously the economy of New Zealand by disclosing prematurely decisions to change or continue government economic or financial policies relating to the entering into of overseas trade agreements"
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7(a)(i),Prejudice the security or defence of the self-governing State of the Cook Islands,"Good reason for withholding information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice the security or defence of the self-governing State of the Cook Islands"
7(a)(ii),Prejudice the security or defence of the self-governing State of Niue,"Good reason for withholding information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice the security or defence of the self-governing State of Niue"
7(a)(iii),Prejudice the security or defence of Tokelau,"Good reason for withholding information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice the security or defence of Tokelau"
7(a)(iv),Prejudice the security or defence of the Ross Dependency,"Good reason for withholding information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice the security or defence of the Ross Dependency"
7(b)(i),Prejudice relations between any of the Governments of New Zealand,"Good reason for withholding information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice relations between any of the Governments of New Zealand"
7(b)(ii),Prejudice relations between any of the Governments of the self-governing State of the Cook Islands,"Good reason for withholding information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice relations between any of the Governments of the self-governing State of the Cook Islands"
7(b)(iii),Prejudice relations between any of the Governments of the self-governing State of Niue,"Good reason for withholding information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice relations between any of the Governments of the self-governing State of Niue"
7(c )(i),Prejudice the international relations of the Governments of the self-governing State of the Cook Islands,"Good reason for withholding information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice the international relations of the Governments of the self-governing State of the Cook Islands"
7(c )(ii),Prejudice the international relations of the Governments of the self-governing State of Niue,"Good reason for withholding information exists, for the purpose of section 5, if the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice the international relations of the Governments of the self-governing State of Niue"
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9(2)(a),"Protect the privacy of natural persons, including that of deceased natural persons","Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to protect the privacy of natural persons, including that of deceased natural persons"
9(2)(b)(i),Would disclose a trade secret,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to protect information where the making available of the information would disclose a trade secret"
9(2)(b)(ii),Prejudice the commercial position of the person who supplied or who is the subject of the information,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to protect information where the making available of the information would be likely unreasonably to prejudice the commercial position of the person who supplied or who is the subject of the information"
9(2)(ba)(i),"Prejudice the supply of similar information, or information from the same source, and it is in the public interest that such information should continue to be supplied","Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to protect information which is subject to an obligation of confidence or which any person has been or could be compelled to provide under the authority of any enactment, where the making available of the information would be likely to prejudice the supply of similar information, or information from the same source, and it is in the public interest that such information should continue to be supplied"
9(2)(ba)(ii),Making available of the information would be likely otherwise to damage the public interest,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to protect information which is subject to an obligation of confidence or which any person has been or could be compelled to provide under the authority of any enactment, where the making available of the information would be likely otherwise to damage the public interest"
9(2)(c),Avoid prejudice to measures protecting the health or safety of members of the public,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to avoid prejudice to measures protecting the health or safety of members of the public"
9(2)(d),Avoid prejudice to the substantial economic interests of New Zealand,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to avoid prejudice to the substantial economic interests of New Zealand"
9(2)(e),Avoid prejudice to measures that prevent or mitigate material loss to members of the public,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to avoid prejudice to measures that prevent or mitigate material loss to members of the public"
9(2)(f)(i),The confidentiality of communications by or with the Sovereign or her representative,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to maintain the constitutional conventions for the time being which protect the confidentiality of communications by or with the Sovereign or her representative"
9(2)(f)(ii),Collective and individual ministerial responsibility,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to maintain the constitutional conventions for the time being which protect collective and individual ministerial responsibility"
9(2)(f)(iii),The political neutrality of officials,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to maintain the constitutional conventions for the time being which protect the political neutrality of officials"
9(2)(f)(iv),The confidentiality of advice tendered by Ministers of the Crown and officials,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to maintain the constitutional conventions for the time being which protect the confidentiality of advice tendered by Ministers of the Crown and officials"
9(2)(g)(i),The free and frank expression of opinions by or between or to Ministers of the Crown or members of an organisation or officers and employees of any department or organisation in the course of their duty,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to maintain the effective conduct of public affairs through the free and frank expression of opinions by or between or to Ministers of the Crown or members of an organisation or officers and employees of any department or organisation in the course of their duty"
9(2)(g)(ii),"The protection of such Ministers, members of organisations, officers, and employees from improper pressure or harassment","Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to maintain the effective conduct of public affairs through the protection of such Ministers, members of organisations, officers, and employees from improper pressure or harassment"
9(2)(h),Maintain legal professional privilege,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to maintain legal professional privilege"
9(2)(i),"Enable a Minister of the Crown or any department or organisation holding the information to carry out, without prejudice or disadvantage, commercial activities","Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to enable a Minister of the Crown or any department or organisation holding the information to carry out, without prejudice or disadvantage, commercial activities"
9(2)(j),"Enable a Minister of the Crown or any department or organisation holding the information to carry on, without prejudice or disadvantage, negotiations (including commercial and industrial negotiations)","Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to enable a Minister of the Crown or any department or organisation holding the information to carry on, without prejudice or disadvantage, negotiations (including commercial and industrial negotiations)"
9(2)(k),Prevent the disclosure or use of official information for improper gain or improper advantage,"Subject to sections 6, 7, 10, and 18, this section applies if, and only if, the withholding of the information is necessary to prevent the disclosure or use of official information for improper gain or improper advantage"
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10,Prejudiced by the disclosure of the existence or non-existence of such information,"Where a request under this Act relates to information to which section 6 or section 7 or section 9(2)?(b) applies, or would, if it existed, apply, the department or Minister of the Crown or organisation dealing with the request may, if it or he is satisfied that the interest protected by section 6 or section 7 or section 9(2)?(b) would be likely to be prejudiced by the disclosure of the existence or non-existence of such information, give notice in writing to the applicant that it or he neither confirms nor denies the existence or non-existence of that information."
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18(a),There is good reason for withholding the information,"A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that, by virtue of section 6 or section 7 or section 9, there is good reason for withholding the information"
18(b),Does not confirm or deny the existence or non-existence of the information requested,"A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that, by virtue of section 10, the department or Minister of the Crown or organisation does not confirm or deny the existence or non-existence of the information requested"
18(c)(i),Information requested would be contrary to the provisions of a specified enactment,"A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the making available of the information requested would be contrary to the provisions of a specified enactment"
18(c)(ii),Information requested would constitute contempt of court or of the House of Representatives,"A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the making available of the information requested would constitute contempt of court or of the House of Representatives"
18(d),Information requested is or will soon be publicly available,"A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the information requested is or will soon be publicly available"
18(da)(i),Information that could be sought by the defendant under the Criminal Disclosure Act 2008,"A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the request is made by a defendant or a person acting on behalf of a defendant and is for information that could be sought by the defendant under the Criminal Disclosure Act 2008"
18(da)(ii),"Information that could be sought by the defendant under that Act and that has been disclosed to, or withheld from, the defendant under that Act","A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the request is made by a defendant or a person acting on behalf of a defendant and is for information that could be sought by the defendant under that Act and that has been disclosed to, or withheld from, the defendant under that Act"
18(e ),"Document alleged to contain the information requested does not exist or, despite reasonable efforts to locate it, cannot be found","A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the document alleged to contain the information requested does not exist or, despite reasonable efforts to locate it, cannot be found"
18(f),Information requested cannot be made available without substantial collation or research,"A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the information requested cannot be made available without substantial collation or research"
18(g)(i),"Held by another department or Minister of the Crown or organisation, or by a local authority","A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the information requested is not held by the department or Minister of the Crown or organisation and the person dealing with the request has no grounds for believing that the information is either"
18(g)(ii),Connected more closely with the functions of another department or Minister of the Crown or organisationor of a local authority,"A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the information requested is not held by the department or Minister of the Crown or organisation and the person dealing with the request has no grounds for believing that the information is either"
18(h),The request is frivolous or vexatious or that the information requested is trivial,"A request made in accordance with section 12 may be refused only for 1 or more of the following reasons, namely that the request is frivolous or vexatious or that the information requested is trivial"